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Sciences and Exploration Directorate
Operational

Landsat 9

Landsat 9, a joint NASA and U.S. Geological Survey satellite mission, launched on September 27, 2021, from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, and will extend the Earth-observing program’s record of land images to half a century.

The Landsat program has provided accurate measurements of Earth’s land cover since 1972. With data from Landsat satellites, ecologists have tracked deforestation in South America, water managers have monitored irrigation of farmland in the American West, and researchers have watched the growth of cities worldwide. With the help of the program’s open archive, firefighters have assessed the severity of wildfires and scientists have mapped the retreat of mountain glaciers.

Launch Date

September 2021

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Landsat 9, a joint NASA and U.S. Geological Survey satellite mission, launched on September 27, 2021, from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, and will extend the Earth-observing program’s record of land images to half a century.

The Landsat program has provided accurate measurements of Earth’s land cover since 1972. With data from Landsat satellites, ecologists have tracked deforestation in South America, water managers have monitored irrigation of farmland in the American West, and researchers have watched the growth of cities worldwide. With the help of the program’s open archive, firefighters have assessed the severity of wildfires and scientists have mapped the retreat of mountain glaciers.

Related Publications

2026. "Global uncertainty assessment of vegetation indices from NASA's Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 Project.", Remote Sensing of Environment, 332 115084 [10.1016/j.rse.2025.115084] [Journal Article/Letter]

2025. "TIF: A time-series-based image fusion algorithm.", Remote Sensing of Environment, 331 115035 [10.1016/j.rse.2025.115035] [Journal Article/Letter]

2025. "Global 30-m annual median vegetation height maps (2000–2022) based on ICESat-2 data and Machine Learning.", Scientific Data, 12 (1): 1470 [10.1038/s41597-025-05739-6] [Journal Article/Letter]

2025. "Estimating crop biophysical parameters from satellite-based SAR and optical observations using self-supervised learning with geospatial foundation models.", Remote Sensing of Environment, 327 114825 [10.1016/j.rse.2025.114825] [Journal Article/Letter]

2025. "The Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 version 2.0 surface reflectance dataset.", Remote Sensing of Environment, 324 114723 [10.1016/j.rse.2025.114723] [Journal Article/Letter]